Causes of war essays

Reasons for war papers War is brought about by one or a few nations animosity and competition to grow their forces, armed force or land. Lenin additionally referenced that war is likewise over extension over who has more states and force. War is additionally the reaction by which one society attempts to decrease the limit of another general public to acquire its goals. Consequently, Lenins investigation of the reasons for World War 1 is correct. The 3 principle explanations behind the reason for World War 1 are: private enterprise and procuring provinces so as to access modest assets and the confused partnership framework. The most wicked and warlike society is free enterprise. Britain, which is the main entrepreneur state, went to butchering the principal occupants of its first settlements in Ireland and Jamaica. Comparative brutalities likewise happened in British provinces, for example, India and Africa. The key explanation behind a private enterprise society to proceed with war is rivalry. Rivalries drive the least effective to the edge of endurance where just the fittest endure. At the point when a free enterprise nation, for example, England comes to manage its adversary, any methods for strategy is utilized, for example, mechanical reconnaissance, cartels and imposing business models. By and by, brutality and war is additionally included. This occurred in the seventeenth century when the English privateers attacked their Dutch and Spanish contenders. Arms rivalry additionally assumed and significant job in the episode of World War 1. England had a huge naval force and armed force, which, is util ized to flaunt its prevalence over her adversary nations. Germany in this manner felt compromised and furthermore began to construct a monstrous armed force and structure collusions with different nations so as to build the force. This brought about the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria Hungary and Italy. The German financial and military achievement made the nation amazing and hazardous In request to shield their inclinations, for example, settlements and vital courses. Other European nations likewise looked for partners and outfitted th ... <!

The Cowboy Phenomenon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Cowboy Phenomenon - Essay Example At long last, the cowhand is forceful in light of the fact that nothing can prevent him from accomplishing any objective he wishes to accomplish (Ruud, Geoff and Hugo 156). â€Å"There are a few things a man just can’t flee from† The principal normal for the cattle rustler includes certain parts of his lives that are obligatory. Thusly, the rancher must play out these capacities since he has no different choices. The capacities could even be hazardous to the cowboy’s presence. In any case, the cowhand plays out the capacities to fulfill critical desires throughout his life. For instance, in Johnny Guitar†, Johnny understands that he is enamored with Vienna. This adoration for Vienna empowers the watchers to experience the primary cattle rustler normal for Johnny Guitar. This is on the grounds that Johnny Guitar keeps up Vienna’s organization after oneself announced transformed. Guitar thinks about Vienna’s conceivable contribution in the theft due to criminal history, which Vienna as of now has. In any case, this doesn't prevent Johnny Guitar from sparing his adoration, Vienna. Johnny Guitar knows that it is an incredible hazard to spare Vienna after her catch yet the adoration he has motivates him (Ray). Thus, Charles Cosby shows comparable rancher attributes in â€Å"Cocaine Cowboys 2†. The main distinction is that Cosby’s motivation is the inclination to be effective in the cocaine business, not love. Cosby has excellent fearlessness, which empowers him to compose letters to Blanco. Clearly, Griselda Blanco is a sovereign pin who the vast majority dread. In this manner, Cosby’s choice to compose the letter to Blanco is equivalent with the main quality of the cowhand. This is on the grounds that Cosby dreams of additionally driving the cocaine business. Later he sets up the cocaine business and is a rich man since he was not hesitant to move toward the back up parent (Corben and Perry). â€Å"A ma n should do what he believes is right† The second quality of the cowpoke urges cowhands to do what they believe is correct paying little mind to different people’s sees. Johnny Guitar assists Vienna with trip of the consuming bar without considering if Vienna was correct or wrong. Johnny Guitar accepts that men should secure the separate ladies who they love. Along these lines, he spares Vienna from all difficulties that face her like when Emma persuades the men to murder Vienna. Essentially, Cosby participates in certain conduct that individuals would some way or another think about improper. For instance, he sells cocaine in the city without thinking about the threats, which he stances to individuals. Cosby is similarly mindful of the outcomes of the cocaine business. He hazards serving prison time like Blanca or in any event, confronting more disciplines that are not kidding. Nonetheless, this information doesn't prevent Cosby from participating in the risky medicati on business. His solitary concern is to be fruitful with the medications, which he understands when he possesses the 40 Million-cocaine business (Ray). â€Å"If everything isn’t highly contrasting, I state â€Å"why the hellfire not?† Finally, the cowhand is forceful in all that he does due to what Johnny Guitar and Charles Cosby uncover in their separate circumstances. For example, Johnny Guitar guarantees that he spares Vienna when Emma proposes slaughtering Vienna. It is among the most hazardous choices he makes in the whole film. This is a result of Vienna’s past and the resentment, which Emma and her posse have for Vienna. Clearly, Emma would likewise execute any individual who was on Vienna’s side. Be that as it may, that couldn't keep Johnny Guitar from confronting the irate

Diet Tips That Never Work

Diet Tips That Never Work Bad Advice on Losing Weight Home›Informative Posts›Bad Advice on Losing Weight Informative PostsNowadays, there are many misconceptions about the healthy diet. If you cannot touch French fries without feeling guilty and constantly avoid egg yolk, you are certainly affected by the common diet myths. Learn how to sort out misconceptions by reading through the worst diet tips that should always be avoided.Famous misconceptions about weight loss dietIf you eat fat, you become fatAccording to famous nutritionists, there are fats that will never lead to weight gain. These are good fats that can be found in salmon, nuts, and avocados. They increase general health and protect heart. On the other hand, fats in cookies, chips, and greasy foods increase cholesterol levels causing different diseases and stimulating weight gain.Stop snacking if you want to lose weightThis tip is wrong because eating small portions is a healthier choice than eating 2-3 times per day. Snacks that include nuts, yogurts, and fruits help to curb hunger and provide you with more energy during the day.You should count caloriesDieticians claim that not all calories are the same. The effect of a certain amount of calories a person consumes during a day depends on timing and quality of food. For instance, 50 calories found in an apple cause different reactions in the human body from those 50 calories found in a cake.Consume more proteinsIt is wrong to assume than focusing on protein and avoiding foods not to eat will help you lose weight. The matter is that our body needs three important macronutrients to function properly: protein, fat, and carbohydrates. When a person cuts on fat and carbohydrates, there are higher risks of serious health problems.When you cannot find the reason of your weight gain, reread the worst diet tips and think what you might be doing wrong. Consider these tips not to follow for your diet, make wise food choices, and learn how to lose weight easily!

Wgu Fht Task 1 - 1675 Words

Jessica Odessa Shepherd Human Development and Learning - FHT4 Western Governors University Student ID 259630 FHT4 - Task 1 Cognitive Development refers to the construction of the thought process that includes problem solving, remembering and the ability to make decisions, from childhood up to the adulthood stage. Cognitive/Intellectual Development is the ability to learn, reason, and analyze the fact that a process begins from infancy and progresses as the individual (Educational Psychology). Cognitive Development contains events that are logical, like thinking and remembering. Some factors remain the same throughout many of the theories on cognitive development. All theorists agree that people go through specific steps and/or†¦show more content†¦Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky both agree and disagree in the area of the Nature/Development of Intelligence. Piaget and Vygotsky agree on the idea of constructivism, the certainty that cognitive development happens by accumulation to and building from what is previously recognized and learned. Piaget was a trivial constructivist, he believed that indiv iduals acquire knowledge by interacting with their environment and building on their knowledge and understanding of their environment. On the other hand, Lev Vygotsky was a social constructivist, believing individuals acquire knowledge through social interaction and learning from others. They also both agree that the restrictions of intellectual growth are defined by social interactions. Individuals acquire knowledge from interactions that they have already been exposed to and what other people can teach them, whether if it other children that are older than they are, adults in the life, or teachers. Jean Piaget believed that individuals acquire their knowledge by interacting in their environment, and it comes as a direct outcome of the individual’s actions on to their environment. Piaget believed that individuals must learn before they develop (Educational Psychology). According to Jean Piaget’s theory, the order of acquiring knowledge is an individual acts upon their environment, learning from the consequences of their actions, and then developing knowledge and understanding of

The Theory Of Computational Design Thinking - 1624 Words

Jose Lopez September 22, 2016 ARC 5205 Advanced Theory Professor Neil Leach Computational Design Thinking The dominance of computational programs in the architectural career has become dominant throughout the years. It could be said that it has taken over the entire practice and that the human aspect had been taken out completely. In the book Computational Design Thinking, by Achim Menges and Sean Ahlquist this is discussed. It is important to understand how certain things work in an environment in other to comprehend how a design computer system actually works. In order to do so, a system generating a system, history and cybernetics, and how the machine and men interact needs to be analyzed. In doing so, it is determined that one cannot exist without the other. A system generating a systems dominates the idea of computational design. A system has to ideas explained in the book. The first idea is a system as a whole. The system as a whole refers to a particular holistic view of a single thing. While a generating system does not refer to a single thing; but a combination of things that include rules that are capable of generating many things. A system can only become a system if it has a holistic property. Meaning that if the object could have different meaning depending the approach. For example a flower; when given as a gift it is just a flower. It is not thought of as a system it is just an object to the receiver. If the same flower is looked about in a different way itShow MoreRelatedCombined Rigour Of Rational Decisions And Computational1090 Words   |  5 PagesCOMBINED RIGOUR OF RATIONAL DECISIONS AND COMPUTATIONAL SHAPE GRAMMAR FOR DESIGN OF SOCIAL HOUSING Ar. Prof. Dhanashree Sardeshpande, Ar. Radha Mallawat Abstract Design Process, traditionally is a very intuitive and subjective process. The design outcome is highly dependent on the architect’s concept, which may or may not be expressed graphically. Shape grammar is a design tool that has been used from earlier times as an ordering principle of design. The development of digital tools has instrumentalisedRead MoreThe Role Of The Textile Design?1552 Words   |  7 Pagestextile design-er can enrich the design process in HCI. It will advocate embodiment as a de-sign methodology by focusing on a subjective, visceral engagement with mate-rial and physical computing using tacit textiles expertise. This theoretical prem-ise is explored drawing on the fields of soft robotics, organic user interfaces and transitive materials for the fabrication of a responsive textile composite. 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Civilization in Paleolithic Era Free Essays

Topic: To what extent does the hypothesis of bona fide, yet ‘missing’, civilization in the Palaeolithic era make sense to you? Palaeolithic meaning old stone, which is about (2. 6 million years – 300,000 years ago). Having a Lower, Middle and Upper stone age for Palaeolithic. We will write a custom essay sample on Civilization in Paleolithic Era or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the Palaeolithic era climate was the pacemaker of change. As the world grew colder, the new climatic conditions restricted the habitat, certain species disappeared. Every time the climate changed the new conditions suited other animals. Each Ice Age last between fifty and a hundred thousand years as so mentioned in â€Å"The New Penguin History of the World† written by J. M Roberts. He mentions â€Å"Evidence of the glaciations and their effects is now available from all oceans and continents and they provide the backbone for prehistory chronology. † I did research and came across a website http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2004/04/040421234349. htm. It has evidence that supports the three major glaciation events that occurred in the past. Robert Tucker and Zhanxiong Peng of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Washington University of St. Louis implicated that â€Å"There would be no communication between the atmosphere and the ocean. The deep ocean would quickly become free of oxygen because light would not be able to penetrate the ice to fuel algae. Above the ice, there would be little rain or snow because there would be little evaporation. Many organisms that lived in milder conditions would become extinct. † Investigation shows that there are at least three levels of glacial deposits. Each ice age destroyed the habitats of creatures that had adapted to the arctic condition. But after each glaciation new species spread. As time went on, one branch lead to apes and the other lead to human beings, this line was named hominids. Indicated by J. M Roberts, â€Å"The first hominid fossil found in Kenya and Ethiopia are dated only 4. 5 million years ago. † But then a French fossil hunter discovered a fossil in Chadian desert year 2001; nearly complete cranium, pieces of jawbone and teeth. They pinned down the age of this fossil, which they say is between 6. 8 and 7. 2 million years old. (Information found in http://afp. google. com/article/ALeqM5gjCJ41Mm-Li6gU9Rd4n1DXPlm7Gg . ) So as to what is happening, fossil hunters, geologist, archeologist, scientist etc. keep discovering new fossils with different ages and keep pushing back our timelines. So saying the truth we are not sure exactly when the hominids where first taking place in our timeline. Who knows what there is yet to be discovered. Going to a description and comparison of a hominid and primate. Those with a small cranium were consider primates because the brain was not too intelligent. As time went on the brain developed little by little. More common sense, but as that happened the brain grew, therefore having a much bigger cranium, which were then classified as hominids. Hominids developed reasoning, a sense of communication and had a system of control, which is the beginning of the creation of human beings. Primates communicate with signals, went on natural instincts, and had no system of control. Their method was adaptation to life and the environment around them. Which if I’m not mistaken is what we now call wild animals. We are the top of the food chain. We are the fittest to survival. Why, because we have intelligence, logic and reasoning. We have common sense to avoid casual mistakes that can cause our lives. Professor Paul S. Burdett from Raritan Valley Community College, Branchburg NJ wrote a document named â€Å"What Is Human? †. It describes three main parts of what makes us human and has a comparison to what is not classified to be human. 1. Reasoning is the power to think, and understand. Mind solves problems and the body has a reaction to everything but think before react. As for primates, they’re mind and reactions are not reasonable like ours. 2. Language is our form of communication. Without communication we have nothing. With language we have grammar and syntax an arrangement that focuses on a relationship between words. . System of control, which keeps things organized. Having a social life. Under that category come family, tribes, and clans. Which are all in relation and come with a natural connectivity as in a connection in blood or DNA. Examples; mother, son, grandfather, cousins, aunts, including mother-in-law and so on. Now beyond that comes communities, societies, culture an d civilization. Which is an organization of non-related people. People working together to make a living. As for primates, they only go with their instincts and communicate with signals. And cannot go any much further than that. So my definition for being a human is one who exhibits a sense of humanity, compassion, civilization, and consideration towards mankind. An understanding, organization, and sense of communication. So is it possible that such a civilization could have existed? There was a point in time where the hominids decided to just settle down. Having water, and food near them. So they did not have to travel far. In the process tools were created, fire, a sense a religion, a stable living style, a sense of emotion, farming. All of these things is what started civilization. And civilization was not established until the Upper Palaeolithic Era. Without everything being done, no civilization would have been created. Till this day discoveries are made. The only way to know if something really existed is by evidence. And by evidence I mean fossils, skeletons, art, grave goods, â€Å"ARTIFACTS! † Artifacts is all we have. The only problem is that from what I have understood is that we have more evidence going towards the Upper Palaeolithic Era. In J. M Roberts book (Book 1, Chapter 2, last paragraph on pg. 1) he stated, â€Å"To separate Upper and Lower Palaeolithic is easy; the division represents the physical facts†¦ †¦ the most recent and therefore fossils and artifacts found among them are later found then lower. † Meaning more evidence is found in the Upper. â€Å"Almost all the artifacts that survived in Palaeolithic are made from stone, none are made of metal†¦ †¦ whi ch stone artifacts provide the largest significant body of evidence. † So from what is seems stones where most likely to be preserved then metal. Neolithic Revolution involved far more than the adoption of a limited set of food producing techniques. The making of small groups of hunter, gatherers that had hitherto dominated human history into sedentary societies based in built up villages and towns, which radically modified their natural environment by means of specialized food crop cultivation that allowed extensive surplus food production. These developments provided the basis for high population density settlements, specialized and complex labor diversification, trading economies, the development of art, architecture, and culture. All these things are well described in a book called â€Å"The Breakout: The Origins Of Civilization† written by Martha Lamberg-Karlovsky. The Revolution developed independently in different parts of the world, not just in the Fertile Crescent. The Mediterranean climate has a long dry season with a short period of rain, which made it suitable for small plants with large seeds, like wheat and barley. The Oasis Theory, originally proposed by Raphael Pumpelly in 1908, maintains that as the climate got drier due to the Atlantic depressions shifting northward, communities contracted to oases where they were forced into close association with animals, which were then domesticated together with planting of seeds. Agriculture, known as farming. Which was turning point. No more long travel, everything at hand and the sense of trading. With trading came leader, which meant government. With all that said societies. In this part of time, known art was a way of recording things in their time. There were caves that have been found with carved drawings. Showing life itself, and how everything was before. Art created by stones, mud as paint, and drawings on top of other drawings creating stories that have yet to be discovered. Every time we think we found the oldest society another older one pops up. Everyday life was not able to be recorded. Communication was not able to be recorded. Records in that era took a lot of time and dedication. So in our sense, was there civilization in the Palaeolithic Era? I think there was. Even though there isn’t much evidence, it actually makes sense. Like in the quote, â€Å"If a tree falls in the forest but no one is there to hear it, does it still make a sound? † Just because we did not witness it, it does not mean it did not exist. How to cite Civilization in Paleolithic Era, Essay examples

PayWave Technology Radio Frequency Identification

Question: Discuss about the PayWave Technology for Radio Frequency Identification. Answer: Introduction PayWave technology is a mode of payment that allows customers pay using their enabled card or mobile device(s) at the point of sale terminal by simply waving their card or mobile device in front of a secure reader at the checkout. It is an alternative to swiping or handing your card over to a cashier. PayWave uses contactless technology where someone with a card only has to wave their card in front of a card reader, and the PayWave terminal reads and processes the transaction. PayWave cards may use RFD (radio-frequency identification) or NFC (near field communication) (Blecker, 2008). PayWave payments are made in close physical propinquity to the readers at the point of sale terminals. A near field communication chip together with a radio antenna embedded into the card transmits the customers information to the point of sale terminal permitting contactless payment. Business Operation Oz Supermarket has employed PayWave technology in their retail outlet and used this technology in receiving payments for the goods they sell. Oz Supermarket entirely uses PayWave technology. Those customers who would like to make purchases at their outlet have to have a PayWave card. Those who dont have the card have to make a temporary cash deposit at the front desk and be issued with a store-issued PayWave card. The PayWave technology is aided by a special radio-frequency identifier reader installed on trolleys to enable automatic queuing for payment and also automatic removal from the queue those items removed from the carts by the customers as they pick their items. Carrying out transactions using PayWave technology is fast. The client does not need a PIN when making purchases. Payment and account information is transmitted wirelessly as long as the payment device is in proximity to the reader (Lerner, 2013). The contactless card has a secure integrated circuit generated from energy transferred from the reader by producing a radio frequency field that induces an electric current in the integrated circuits antenna. This makes it possible for the information contained in the cards to be passed very fast to the card readers. PayWave technology is also secure. The cards make use of cryptography and secure network processing. The cards have a private key and certificate used to sign transactions and is never transmitted therefore it cannot be accessed. The contactless transactions generate a unique code based on its secret key for each transaction (Zheng, 2016). This makes it possible for the card users to track their spending history. The terminals at the point of sale terminals also verify the cards digital signature over the transaction data improving the security of the card in addition to the several layers of security which have been put in place to protect the card. Customers who use PayWave cards benefit from zero liability. The customers are protected against unauthorised transactions or fraud with a one hundred percent reimbursement. This is especially true for clients issued with a card and does not apply to certain card transactions. One must inform their financial institution without delay of any unauthorised use. In the case of loss or defacement of the card, the user of the card has the duty to inform the institution that issued the card so that the appropriate action can be taken. Some of the institutions also provide protection for online transactions, domestic transactions, in-store transactions, phone operations and oversea transactions. PayWave technology is convenient. Clienteles making purchases using their card do not need signatures or PINS to make purchases. All they need to do is pass their cards in proximity to the card readers found at the point of sale terminals. Once a customer waves their card in front of the card readers, the necessary deductions according to the purchases made are charged on the card. PayWave technology is also easy to use. The customer using a card does not need to swipe their card either do they need to give their card to an attendant at the point of sale terminal. As long as the user of the card is within a range of about two inches and can swipe the card near the card reader, they can make acquisitions at the store. Recommendations Oz Supermarket should consider other payment options to increase diversity and flexibility in payment for the goods bought. They can also include credit cards, VISA cards, Master cards and mobile payments like Apple Pay, Android Pay and Samsung Pay (Hu et.al, 2005). This will enable those customers without a PayWave card to also buy from the store with what they have. This will be convenient for them since they will not have to go through the process of acquiring a store-issued PayWave card. This will save on time. It will also encourage those without PayWave card which is a must have for one to buy goods at the outlet to stop shying away from the outlet. The store should look for a way to take care of the overheads incurred by the store-issued cards. This can be done by sharing the costs with the customers to reduce the charges incurred by the retail outlet as a result of extra charges arising from the radio frequency identification chips. The customers should be informed of this to improve the transparency of services. The store should have a centralised place to do bagging. The place where this is done should have enough attendants to aid customers to pack the goods they have purchased. This is especially necessary where the client has purchased several items. It may be inconvenient for the customers to bag the goods they have bought. This may be true in case the person has a disability. This can discourage customers from making further subsequent visits to the place. The retail outlet should implement a system that can show promptly those cards that do not have sufficient funds to pay for the items put in the shopping trolleys. The radio frequency identification on the trolleys should be linked to the card readers at the point of sale terminals. This linking will show the clients promptly if they have funds in their cards that will be able to pay for the goods they have picked or not long before they reach the point of sale terminals to make their payments. The trolleys can be fitted with light emitting diodes that produce the required light according to the situation i.e. they may decide to use a green light to show that the purchaser has enough funds and maybe yellow light to warn the customer that they do not have adequate resources. This will save on time as the customers will be able to remove goods in advance without having to do this at the point of sale terminal after the card reader beeps. Oz Supermarket should have employees on standby to help their customers in case they run into problems. There should be staff to assist those who may need assistance. These officials may have technical skills that may enable them to handle special functionalities like failed RFID chips on the trolleys, failed card readers at the point of sale terminals. There should also be employees to assist the buyers in identifying the shelves with the goods they need. The store should implement the right security measures to ensure that their system and customers are safe from fraudsters. Oz Supermarket can employ cryptography over their network encompassing their point of sale terminals, CCVTVs and RFID chips found in their trolleys. They should also use a relational database that is up to date and automatically update according to the activities carried out in their system. The files in the database should be encrypted. Physical security of CCTV cameras should be considered to ensure that there is no breach in the safety of the enterprise (Kruegle, 2007). Security and access controls should also be implemented to ensure all users are sufficiently protected (Damjanovski, 2005). The retail outlet should also have a backup system. The backup system can be on standby and could come in in case there are any problems with the system. The backup will come in handy where a need to restore lost functionalities within the system becomes necessary. The management of Oz Supermarket may decide to implement full backup, incremental backup, differential backup or virtual full backup according to their needs. A full backup will enable them to copy all files and store them according to their schedule. Incremental backup will be done in a continuous manner as needed. A differential backup is necessary where the persons involved would only like to preserve the data that has changed since the last full backup. Virtual full backup is done automatically by backup software according to specifications. Conclusion Oz Supermarket is a retail outlet that has implemented modern technology in their system to aid in payment of goods at their store. These measures are positive and in my opinion, have impacted positively on the activities of the retail store. With other improvements like the introduction of other payment platforms like mobile payments the services offered will be better. Customer experience may also improve if these improvements are made making the outlet have a competitive edge against other players in the market (Hennig-Thurau, 2000). References Blecker, T., Huang, G. Q., Bajic, E. (2008). RFID in operations and supply chain management: Research and applications. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag. CARDIS (Conference), Grimaud, G., Standaert, F.-X. (2008). Smart card research and advanced applications: 8th IFIP WG 8.8/11.2 international conference, CARDIS 2008, London, UK, September 8-11, 2008 ; proceedings. Berlin: Springer. Damjanovski, V. (2005). CCTV: Networking and digital technology. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth Heinemann. Hennig-Thurau, T. (2000). Relationship marketing: Gaining competitive advantage through customer satisfaction and customer retention : with 24 tables. Berlin [u.a.: Springer. Hu, W. C., Lee, C.-W., Kou, W. (2005). Advances in security and payment methods for mobile commerce. Hershey, PA: Idea Group. Kruegle, H. (2007). CCTV surveillance: Analog and digital video practices and technology. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. Lerner, T. (2013). Mobile Payment. (Mobile payment.) Wiesbaden: Imprint: Springer Vieweg. Preston, W. C. (2007). Backup and recovery. Beijing: O'Reilly. Shelly, G. B., Vermaat, M. (2008). Discovering computers 2009: Brief. Australia: Course Technology. Shooman, M. L. (2002). Reliability of computer systems and networks: Fault tolerance, analysis and design. New York: Wiley-Interscience. Swift, R. S. (2001). Accelerating customer relationships: Using CRM and relationship technologies. Upper Saddle River, N.J. [u.a.: Prentice Hall PTR. Tschauner, L. (2012). Rule of Thumb: A Guide to small business customer service and relationships. Omaha, Nebr: WriteLife. Zheng, F., Kaiser, T. (2016). Digital signal processing for RFID.

An Analysis of UKs and Chinas pharmaceutical markets

s Effect On Eating Disorders

An Ongoing Obsession: The Media’s Effects on Eating Disorders â€Å"Man I look fat! I will never have the perfect body.† This is what many young women say when they look at themselves in the mirror. There is no such thing as the perfect body, yet many people believe there is. The media is one factor that plays a role in society’s view of young women. Today, women with eating disorders are affected greatly by the media. Television, magazines, posters, and billboards all show how the media views what young women should look like. Tall, rail-thin, a flawless complexion, and great hair are a few of the things that women today should entail. This is impossible, but yet a great number of women believe they can achieve this perfect body which the media portrays. There are many factors that play a role in the way women feel about their bodies, but the key factor is the media. Women feel the constant pressure to mirror the image of models and actresses in magazines and on television. This feeling may begin as early as childhood. A pre-adolescent becomes very aware of how society views the â€Å"perfect body.† A study done in 1996 showed that the amount of time an adolescent watches television and reads magazines is greatly associated with their degree of body displeasure and their need to be thin (National Institute). The average adolescent watches about three to four hours of television a day and therefore will greatly be affected by what the media portrays how young women are supposed to look (Yellon). Many young girls dislike their body, and this feeling is known to grow up until early adulthood, or maybe even last for the rest of one’s life. How can this start so young people may ask, studies have shown that cartoon characters can affect how children feel. Female children describe the roles of girl cartoon characters as â€Å"domestic, interested in boys, and concerned with appearances,† (National Institute). S... 's Effect On Eating Disorders Free Essays on Media\'s Effect On Eating Disorders An Ongoing Obsession: The Media’s Effects on Eating Disorders â€Å"Man I look fat! I will never have the perfect body.† This is what many young women say when they look at themselves in the mirror. There is no such thing as the perfect body, yet many people believe there is. The media is one factor that plays a role in society’s view of young women. Today, women with eating disorders are affected greatly by the media. Television, magazines, posters, and billboards all show how the media views what young women should look like. Tall, rail-thin, a flawless complexion, and great hair are a few of the things that women today should entail. This is impossible, but yet a great number of women believe they can achieve this perfect body which the media portrays. There are many factors that play a role in the way women feel about their bodies, but the key factor is the media. Women feel the constant pressure to mirror the image of models and actresses in magazines and on television. This feeling may begin as early as childhood. A pre-adolescent becomes very aware of how society views the â€Å"perfect body.† A study done in 1996 showed that the amount of time an adolescent watches television and reads magazines is greatly associated with their degree of body displeasure and their need to be thin (National Institute). The average adolescent watches about three to four hours of television a day and therefore will greatly be affected by what the media portrays how young women are supposed to look (Yellon). Many young girls dislike their body, and this feeling is known to grow up until early adulthood, or maybe even last for the rest of one’s life. How can this start so young people may ask, studies have shown that cartoon characters can affect how children feel. Female children describe the roles of girl cartoon characters as â€Å"domestic, interested in boys, and concerned with appearances,† (National Institute). S...

The Cybersecurity Act A free internet no more Essay

The Cybersecurity Act A free internet no more - Essay Example The internet is a vital tool in shaping the society. Digital technology is rapidly evolving and faster data transfer rate as well as internet connectivity using the mobile phone and the other devices have opened up the communication field with huge impact to the social changes. The internet is an imperative tool in promoting social changes and bringing about interaction that can help different cultures mingle. The internet has also be blamed for a demoralizing the society by fostering violence, encouraging the influx of phonographic materials, sex exploitation, illegal trade, encouraging children to sex, promotion of immoral behavior and other numerous social ills. This study focuses on censorship of the internet as a means of guarding the degradation of social values and norms and also as a means of fostering social interactions and shaping the society in a positive manner. Bell (1997) investigated the social impact of the digital communication and determined that the use of such devices would have both positive and negative effects. Castells (1996) argues that, the digital communications provide the material basis for pervasive expansion. Castells adds that, the internet will result to the formation of "a networking form of organization." Internet censorship refers to the act of withholding or controlling access to some information from the information superhighway or the internet. Filters and censorware are used towards this end. Though censorship seems to block information, it has been hailed by parents and governments as vital in protecting the social norms of young children as well as preventing explicit information that may taint the cultural lifestyle of a country or encourage young children to sex. Censorship may however be abused by nations and different companies and organization to archive a selfish goal. Evil political regimes also censor internet information with a view of hampering information flow, democracy and political pressure groups views. 2.0 Information censorship Though censorship has been used as a method of preventing young children or some members of a given culture from accessing information that may harm their religious, social and cultural norms, it has been used as a tool for discrimination. Information availed on the web is widely discriminatory. This papers studies internet information with a view of identifying the positive aspects of censorship and expose the wrongs of information discrimination at the other end. 2.1 Inequality of information

Organisational Structure and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisational Structure and Design - Essay Example Nokia is seeking to understand on how to sustain business sustainability in the long term. Introduction Nokia Corporation is an international leader in cellular communications whose products have turned out to be part of a fundamental part of community’s lives around the globe. The corporation’s hi-tech and design novelties have made its trade name among the most acknowledged in the globe. Nokia seeks to regain Smartphone leadership by forming strategic partnerships with Microsoft. The main element of the corporation is to build a new winning mobile ecosystem by partnering with Microsoft. The corporation also seeks to invest in next generation disrupting technologies, bring next billion online in developing growth markets, as well as increase focus on speed, results and accountability. For the corporation to achieve its strategy, it management has to recognize the importance of formulating a strategy on corporate social responsibility. Business sustainability is managin g the triple bottom line in which companies manage their monetary, community and environmental risks duties and opportunities. The three impacts are referred to as people, profits and planet. Business sustainability represents resilience over time, where business can bounce back from shocks as it is connected to environmental, social and healthy economic systems. Business sustainability necessitates that firms adhere to the rules of sustainable development. These are economic efficiency (prosperity and innovation), social equity (health and wellness and poverty) and environmental accountability (biodiversity and climate change). Managers need to understand business sustainability in order to comprehend how businesses can reconcile the need to be socially and environmentally sustainable with demands of a high market based system, whose key dimensions of success are profit and growth. Further, business sustainability helps managers to understand more thoroughly what makes business sta y alive. How organizational sustainability will influence organizational behavior Organization culture is usually viewed as the core reason for the failure of implementing organizational change programs. Whilst tools and techniques fir change strategies exist, scholars assert that failure results because the essential culture of the organization remains the same. Successful implementation of organizational culture for business sustainability may well be largely reliant on the values and ideological underpinnings of an organization’s culture, eventually affecting how corporate sustainability is implemented. The competing values framework of organization culture discusses the connection between business sustainability and organization culture (Schein, 2004, p 54). Competing values framework demonstrates the contending demands within a business on two separate and competing proportions Competing values framework The internal-external dimension reflects whether the organization i s focused on its internal dynamics or the demands of its outside environment. The flexibility-control aspect exhibits managerial preferences for control and coordination formation. Organizations relying on control end of the model tend to lean on official mechanisms of control and coord

Uk Chocolate Market Analysis Marketing Plan Marketing Essay

Uk Chocolate Market Analysis Marketing Plan Marketing Essay UK chocolate market is considered the 2nd largest market amongst the EU after Germany, with an average consumption between 4kg to 10kg per head. Not only UK is among greatest chocolate consumers in EU but also holds highest share on sales of confectionery market since 2003. Average annual growth rates in last few years in chocolate market show an increasing trend in volume sales reaching  £4.83bn, and expected to reach up to 684,000 tons till end of 2010, growing at rate of 2.4%. The changing consumer purchase patterns towards how products are produced in terms of their impact on environment and health are considered factors on which future market growth of chocolate will be depending on. For this reason the confectionery and chocolate market has started struggling due to the lobby created by healthy eating, health conscious community. The organic chocolate market is thus becoming the recent trend for consumers because of the increasing awareness of the economic and environmental concerns surrounding cocoa production. These changes are well monitored by market players whose response towards these changes is evident from entering of organic companies into chocolate market and big conventional manufacturers investments in the processing of organic chocolates. Yet, although organic chocolate markets expected to grow at exceptional growth rates, the sector is still niche market when compared to the conventional and possess very little share in the total chocolate market. Moreover, with the squeeze on disposable incomes, an increased focus on price, the buy one get one free offers have been replaced with special price, multibuy and round-pound type deals. Continuous innovations in rival sectors such as biscuits and cakes etc are offering tough challenges for chocolate market. The outlook for the market still remains positive, but chocolate brands need strong effort in terms of providing customers with high value and healthy products. The major players of Chocolate in UK market fighting neck to neck in the battle of market share are Cadbury Kraft, combined market share of around 40%, after Cadburys takeover by Kraft. Mars, market share of 15% and turnover of more than 9.6 billion pounds Nestle Kitkat, market share of 20.4% Green Blacks, market share of around 5 % in conventional and more than 90% share in organic chocolate market For the information regarding the current trends in UK chocolate market , it is evident that the focus of communities are now towards healthy eating for which they now are conscious as of what ingredients are their products made up of. Thus if a company desires to enter chocolate market in such demanding trends where customers have full range of variety to choose from the safest path to choose will be organic chocolate market. This would be safer in that sense that as trends of people are shifting from only fun and enjoyment food towards healthy safe food, soon it is expected that the conventional market leaders will also be converting existing brands to organic and natural ingredients used products. Market Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning For this section statistic data about consumer attitude towards chocolate in UK by age, sex, social grade etc is required. This data is available in Keynote market research report to which there is no access from here. However , I have tried my best to broadly describe the target segment but still as per requirement of the instructor, detailed data figures are required. The organic chocolate market is considered amongst those popular opportunities which have been derived by changing consumer trends and liking towards healthier and environmentally safer food items, specifically the focus on use of healthier and environmentally safer ingredients. Consumers driving growth According to a market research demand for organic food items including organic chocolate is spread across the social spectrum, including workers, pensioners, students and people on benefits, and accounts for almost 33% of their total spending. For the purpose of our organic chocolate segment a significant portion of worker and student class will be our main target market segment. Descriptive Data For Organic chocolate market segment, as a new entrant our target market would include working class and students. The total population of UK is divided into following age group segments: For our organic chocolate segment, we would target population ranging from year 10 to 44. This would account for almost 48% of the total population of UK , obviously the whole 48% will not be part of our target market as organic chocolate is a niche of conventional chocolate market, our working and student class will be covered in these age group description. So as an estimate organic chocolate demand can be expected from 40% of the 48% target population. Socio-demographic Description The segment aimed as target segment will be people living in North West of England. This is so as we are initially introducing our product in test market covering NW of England only. Target customers will be in age group of year 10 to approximately 44. Children below 10 are essentially not part of our target segment because it requires awareness to choose healthy food items for which reason children above year 10 are selected. The age limit selected till 44 is for the reason that above this age group most people are suffering from heart and diabetic deceases thus for them at a later stage diet or low sugar items shall be introduced. Target segment will be constituting of students and working class. Psychographic/behavioral Description Our chosen segment is people with health conscious attitudes and preference towards safe and healthy food. This segment has awareness about environmental issues also and thus do not have wild fun loving lifestyle but a graceful lifestyle with healthy and enjoyable eating patterns. Positioning The current segmentation in UK chocolate market described in view of a perceptual map is shown below: Thus we will be positioning our product in high quality depicting its healthy making nut that much high price. It will be positioned similar to milk tray shown above in figure but bit higher in quality. Product Specification and Branding Strategy There are already few very popular organic chocolate brands in UK including Green and Blacks which holds a very significant share in organic chocolate market. Thus the introduction of our organic chocolate brand needs some cutting edge or competitive advantage over others. We will introduce this difference with providing our organic chocolate lovers a variety of combinations and natural healthy flavors in our chocolate products. First of all, our brand choco naturals will be classified in three ranges targeting three set of places with different usage style. Organic chocolate bars After dinner mints items Organic chocolate gift boxes The basic composition and ingredients of all three variety of our brand will be almost same, i.e. Dark Chocolate dark bitter chocolate made from 70% organic cocoa solids, brown cane sugar, vanilla and soya lecithin Semisweet Chocolate- organic sugar, organic chocolate, organic cocoa butter, organic flavors, milk fat and soya lecithin White Chocolate- no cocoa solids, but organic cocoa butter, sugar, vanilla and milk On this basic organic composition of our brand the cutting edge would be its natural and healthy flavoring and combo mixing of white and dark chocolates. The conventional choco bars available in market have introduced all kind of variety including nuts, wafers, biscuits etc, but as our brand is providing its customers with chocolate that is good for health also we will enhance their flavor and appetite by mixing fruit chunks in our brands and good cholesterol nuts i.e. almonds and walnuts. Moreover providing combo mixing of dark and white chocolate will deliver chocolate lovers taste of two in one and with added advantage of health benefits of dark chocolate. Our products will be offered in following sizes and weights Organic chocolate bars Initially as we are introducing our brand in test market we will only supply bars in 2 sizes i.e. 50g bar and 100g bar After dinner mint items These will be offered in round balls 100 g each to popular hotels and restaurants to serve their customers as after dinner items and will be provided with fruit chunks and combo variety explained above Organic chocolate gift items For our test market this will also be provided in two sizes i.e. 1 lb and 1  ½ lb box packing As the specialty of this brand of chocolate lies in it being healthier, close to nature and for those who have high concern for health and environment , we will have high focus of packaging choco naturals_ chocolates in an environmentally friendly rappers which are biodegradable packaging and have zero waste components. Our three line of products will be properly labeled describing components and all details regarding calories, fats etc. As the brand has high insistence on being organic, the design of packaging of chocolates will show the making of chocolate from most natural and organic ingredients through its color and style creating a warm connection with those who love being close to nature, adding value for them. Developing Brand Personality As an introductory brand it is one of the most important responsibilities of us to define our brand and portraying its strengths which meet all standards set by the market. These include the consistency in taste and quality delivered etc. When developing brand identity consistent delivery of the value must match promises made to target customers. The logo, mark, theme line, and look and feel as part of choco naturals identity will create a recognition in the minds of our target customers and will make them remember choco naturals. As choco naturals_ chocolates are made from fully organic ingredients with an added combination of natural fruit chunks that enhance the product benefits, the logo will depict such closeness to nature, health and taste. Similarly the mark and theme line will deliver same identity of the product. Creating brand identity begins with having a clear idea of target customers. When a customer decides which brand they prefer to buy they have many considerations in mind including its price , quality, benefits but the final thing which eventually wins is the brands identity created in the mind of the customer. This if carefully developed, as in our case that choco naturals chocolates reflects the attributes and preferences of its target customers will make choco naturals chocolate win over other conventional brands. choco naturals chocolates will be developed as a sophisticated brand which is aimed as providing taste with health. Pricing Strategy and Price Strategy to opt: Of the many pricing strategies, for choco naturals chocolates, four strategies are of value. These are Competition based pricing Market oriented pricing Premium pricing Psychological pricing We will chose a combination of market oriented and psychological pricing. Premium pricing could also be opted but as our target market also includes students and worker class, it might create a luxury brand image which might effect the closeness we want our brand to develop with target customers. Similarly competition based pricing method would have also been a very safe strategy but for having an added value, we choose market oriented pricing which is based on analysis and research of target customers and on those prices if the effect of psychological pricing is also added it is expected to create more value for our products. Pricing objectives: Purpose of choosing this combination of pricing strategy is to provide such a price to the customers which is not too high to loose connection from target customers and not too low that can portray the brand as a low standard brand. The objective is to set such a price that can portray our target customers the essence of the organic image our brand portrays i.e. natural. In terms of sales, this strategy for pricing is expected to create a healthy market share in organic chocolate market at a good pace and constant increase in level of sales and profit. The positioning of this brand will also support this pricing strategy. Recommended Price: Organic Chocolate Bar 100g  £2.95 50g  £ 1.95 After dinner mints Pack of 4 round balls 100g each for  £6.95 Organic chocolate Gift boxes ( combo mix of dark white and multi flavored fruit chunks) 1 lb  £19.95 1  ½ lb  £ 29.95 Retail Distribution Strategy As we are introducing 3 categories in organic chocolate brand, the distribution will to 3 different type of outlets. These are: Organic Chocolate bars Large super stores and coffee and tea cafes After dinner mints Three to five star Hotels Organic Chocolate gift boxes Large super stores As initially we are introducing our brand in test market, choco naturals chocolate will be available in stores, cafes and hotels in north west of England mainly. The super stores which will sale our products include Sainburys super market Ltd, having 5 outlets in NEW Tesco, having 9 outlets in NWE Woo Sand super market, having 1 outlet in NWE ASDA Stores Ltd, having 6 stores in NWE WM Morrison supermarkets, having 6 stores in NWE The selective Hotels in which we would initially supply our after dinner mints will be some three to five star hotels with good reputations so that association of our brand with such names can deliver positive impression of our brand to the segment of our target market visiting those hotels. These include: Holiday Inn Hard Days Night Hotel Beech Mount Hotel Feathers Hotel Trout Beck Inn Hotel Park House Hotel We will be opting selective distribution strategy to make our products available to our target market. The product will not be massively available as we initially want to access response from test market and moreover the sophistication of our product might get distracted if it gets available in each and every store. Thus at start selective supermarkets, hotels and cafes will offer our products to customers so that the brand may create its image with the help of the image of the places these are available at. Our products will not be available at web based distribution sources as it initially requires to develop a status in local market and then be available at global level. Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy The integrated marketing strategy we have planned for our product is hitting the market segment in North West in selective ways. We are not going for the guerilla marketing tactics because its high quality product and market is not very wide. We have to introduce the product and usually the products in the early stages of their Product life cycle need careful tactics for marketing and advertising because profit margins are lower therefore selective media should be used instead of using the short gun approach. The main objective behind our campaign is to introduce our product and its benefits along with creating brand identity. We will focus our attention in the initial phase of the campaign to create awareness about our product in the native market (North West of England). In this phase we will tell our customers about the value we will deliver. In the second phase of our campaign we will emphasize on promotion and advertisement of our brand. First phase would help us to identify again the interested segment so in the second phase we will scrutinize and promote to our potential valuable customers. For promoting our brand we are not using all the tools of integrated marketing communication strategy which are advertising, sales promotions, direct marketing, website and public relations). We are going to use only advertising, direct marketing and we will create our website as well. For advertising we will select the print and electronic media for print media we will only advertise in best selling food journals and news-letters of Northwest. For electronic media we make a 45sec. advertisement. We will use celebrity endorsement in our advertisement. The celebrity we will use would be environmentalist and heads of NGOs promoting nature friendly products. We will air our ads on food based local channels for the middle aged women and men and music and music based and entertainment channels for youngsters slots would be prime time. We would go for cooperative advertisement. We will not go for sales promotions because its a high quality product and sales promotions would give a negative impact. For direct selling we will hire a team which would convince the customers. Our customers for after dinner mints would be owners of famous cafes and restaurants. In initial days we will use mall intercepts in large super stores and departmental stores offering organic products. Public relations is mostly done for service sector so it wont make any significant impact here but in later stages when there would be larger sales volume then we will introduce PR for our premium customers. In later stages we will also conduct seminars for creating awareness of organic food but in initial phase profit margins are too low. We would create a website for promotion but not for sale because customers are very conscious in trying a new product and for a product like chocolate it wont work at all. In maturation phase when customer response would be good we may go for online dealing. So in our IMC our focus in print media would be on chocolate bars, in electronic media it would be more on gift items. And in direct selling we would promote after dinner mints and gift items but the whole campaign would promote the brand.

Church Teamwork Essay

Teamwork is work performed by a team towards a common goal. It involves working confidently within a group, contributing your own ideas effectively, and taking a share of the responsibility. Church teamwork: A group of Christian working together as one towards achieving a common goal. It also involves believing in one another’s idea. The Bible gives references to the benefits of sharing responsibilities with others. Biblical teamwork and the sharing of responsibilities can be seen as far back as the creation of Adam and Eve when God said, â€Å"It is not good for the man to be alone; I will make him a helper suitable for him. † (Gen. 2:18) This scripture applies to much more than Adam’s need for a helper or a teammate. From the beginning God intended that man would live, play, and work with help. The Old Testament and the New Testament both support teamwork. The notion of someone being isolated in God’s creative order is not the plan of the Creator. Biblical examples of teamwork Four Friend TeamMark 2 Team sharing in the first churchAct 4 Team leaders in the early Church: Overseer & DeaconsI Tim 3 A boy, five loaves, two fishes and the disciple teamJohn 6 How team function †¢Selection of team leaders (Exodus 18: 15-27). Who is willing to be trained? †¢Placing people in the right place: Begin with a core group †¢Before nominations of leaders are made, there must be vision Habk 2:2 Benefits of team work †¢Team development will facilitate numerical growth. †¢Greater synergy (the use of all gifts) will be experienced †¢More innovation will take place I NEED YOU TO SURVIVE I need you, you need me We’re all a part of God’s body Stand with me, agree with me We’re all a part of God’s body Repeat verse 1 It is His will that every need be supplied You are important to me I need you to survive Repeat verse 2 (Repeat verse 1&2) I pray for you, you pray for me I love you, I need you to survive I won’t harm you with words from my mouth I love you I need you to survive Repeat verse 3 (3x) It is His will that every need be supplied You are important to me I need you to survive Repeat verse 4

Marketing Emotiv

Emotiv Case BACKGROUND: By October 2007, Emotiv Systems Inc. had developed a mind reading device called EPOC, which had the ability to process brain signals in order to measure 30 different mental states. Founded in 2003 (with $1 million in startup money from four partners and $17 million in additional financing mainly from Technology Venture Partners and Epicure Capital Partners), the company's research and development team incorporated existing electroencephalography technologies to introduce a relatively inexpensive and effective cognitive and emotional recognition system.Management at Emotiv believed that video gaming applications represented a solid opportunity for the EPOC technology. EPOC would allow gaming users to move onscreen objects or support secondary features using their thought patterns. With the product ready to launch, the company had to decide how to market EPOC. Emotiv wanted to launch the product in 12 to 14 months, in time for the 2008 holiday season.Although it s new product was generating much interest across the gaming industry, it had yet to secure a partnership for the sale and marketing of EPOC with one of the three major video gaming consoles (Sony PlayStation3, Microsoft Xbox 360, and Nintendo Wii). The Nintendo Wii seemed like a perfect fit. The Wii was established to provide interactive movement games for casual users. Thought games seemed like the next natural step for Nintendo. In addition, Wii had a leading 42. 1% share of the gaming market in the United States. Partnering with the leader would certainly give Emotiv more exposure.However, the Wii was not compatible with the EPOC system because it lacked the computational power the run the advanced EPOC system. It would also have made sense for Sony to jump on board with Emotiv, as it was attempting to turn around plummeting sales. However, poor interorganizational conflict within Sony slowed talks between the two companies. Sony's European division did offer Emotiv a contract f or a dumped down version of EPOC, but that was never really a viable option for Emotiv (it would have hurt Emotiv's image and consumer perceptions of EOPC).Microsoft was highly interested, but did not want to be a first mover on the new technology. It wanted to wait for the EPOC to prove its popularity and worth. To further add to Emotiv's problems, there were no games incorporating EPOC yet. It would be very expensive for Emotiv to produce games internally, and the Electronic Arts (the leading gaming manufacturer) had a wait-and-see approach similar to that of Microsoft. It was now time for Emotiv to make decisions on its marketing strategy. Should it wait until it locked in a major gaming partner to launch EPOC?Or should it launch in the PC gaming market? Emotiv also faced many questions related to the price, distribution, and promotion of EPOC. Their choice and the success of the marketing plan would affect the future profitability of the company. RECOMMENDATION: My recommendatio n would be for Emotiv to initially enter to PC gaming market. Even though it was less lucrative than the console gaming market (only a fifth of the size) and continuing to lose market share, the PC market was easier to enter because games featuring EPOC would be relatively simple to produce.By merely releasing compatibility codes, independent users could easily build EPOC applications into new or existing games, representing a stark difference from the cumbersome game development process in the console market. The wide availability of titles would help promote adoption of the new technology and add to customers' perceived value of the product. Even if the company was able to immediately find a console partner, sales may be low due to a scarcity of games for EPOC. I believe Emotiv should price EPOC at the highest price point advised by retailers, which was $399. Emotiv should create an exclusive product and brand.From its price to its distribution to its positioning statement, the co mpany should portray that EPOC gives users a high customer value. On the distribution front, EPOC should be sold on its own website and at specialty electronics retailers such as Brookstone, which is known for offering the latest and most innovative high-tech gizmos. I think a positing statement that would indicate high value and resonate with consumers is â€Å"Imagine the Unimaginable. † (See Exhibit 1 for the ad containing this positioning statement). The statement conveys that EPOC offers a unique experience.This is important because a distinct user experience is the key point of difference that separates EPOC from other products. Brand value is often created through usage and the customer's overall experience. Thus, I would suggest Emotiv produce one game showcasing the best that EPOC has to offer. The game could be bungled in the sale of the EPOC, giving users an initial application and tutorial for the device. The company had a $2. 5 million offer from Demiurge Studios to develop a PC game to give the user a demonstration of the capabilities of mind-controlled interactivity.The game would feature a martial arts master lifting rocks or walking on water using the user's thoughts. Once the company had its EPOC headset and game ready to launch, it should begin to distribute these items to various influential opinion leaders. Distribution to employees at tech magazines and tech television stations would be ideal. Favorable reviews by sources such as PC Magazine as well as G4 TV and Tech TV would quickly spread word about EPOC. Advertising could also be done using these same mediums. The niche hard-core gamers segment routinely follows these media outlets.Therefore, it would make sense to concentrate on these sources. EPOC also had favorable reviews at industry tradeshows. To gain more exposure, I would advise Emotiv to continue to appear at various tradeshows across the nation, and maybe even host their own conference. The high-profile 2008 Game Devel oper's Conference was five months away. Emotiv should use the event to demonstrate their breakthrough product and create enthusiasm by announcing a launch date. The holiday season would be strategic time to launch, as discretionary consumer spending increases during that time.Management's plan was to release EPOC for the 2008 holiday season, and I would encourage Emotiv to stick with that idea. As the company generates attention and increases awareness for EPOC, it will likely gain a partnership with a major console as they had been seeking. At that time, Emotiv could move from the niche hard-gamers segment to a mass marketing strategy that would also target casual gamers that play for entertainment and fun. The inroads created by their initial strategy can help the company achieve this goal. BASIS FOR RECOMMENDATION: The PC gaming market provides a solid first step or the company. There are significantly fewer barriers to entry in this market. Customers in the PC gaming market tend to be hard-core gamers that spend thousands of dollars upgrading their computers. As such, hard-core gamers would likely be the early adopters of EPOC anyway. In fact, the prospect of a brain computer interface was already creating buzz and generating excitement in online hard-core gamer blogs. I feel that the hard-core gamer segment is a strong target segment, and natural first step for EPOC. Gaming for hard-core users is a lifestyle.They use video games and peripherals for the experience and seek as much reality as possible. EPOC fits this group's needs perfectly, and provides substantial customer value. Thus, a high price tag would be warranted. The price skimming would give Emotiv more flexibility as it eventually moves into the mass market. From a cost benefit standpoint, the move is an optimal strategy. The PC market generates higher margins because the company does not have to pay royalties to console partners. The fee in the console market is usually between 3% and 4% of sa les.Selling the EPOC in Brookstone is a good strategy to target customer looking for the next cool gadget (Brookstone would attract this type of customer), but the company would also be able to negotiate much better terms than the 35% margins that Best Buy demands. Emotiv should be able to exploit hard-core gamers due to the concentrated nature of that market. Adverting costs would be kept minimal, as ads in tech magazines and on television stations command much lower rates than would primetime placements to target the mass market.At a price of $399, the company would need to sell 213,399 units by the end of 2009 in order the breakeven (See Exhibit 2 for a full breakeven analysis). This seems like an attainable sales level for the company. With time, I believe EPOC will become popular enough to move to the mass market. Following the successful launch of EPOC, Microsoft, Sony, and Electronic Arts would be more willing to work with Emotiv. The pace at which the industry adopts EPOC de pends on many factors. An opportunity for the company to accelerate the conversion from niche to mass markets would be a partnership with an influential company like Apple.Their products are widely recognized as being highly innovative. An iPad app that supported the EPOC system could drive sales, making EPOC mainstream quicker. (See Exhibit 3 for a full SWOT analysis for Emotiv). Once the EPOC technology is adopted by the major consoles, I believe its growth can be similar to that of Guitar Hero. Like Guitar Hero, EPOC is an add-on device that creates an interactive experience for the user. The video game industry is rapidly changing, and casual fans are increasingly demanding the kind of games that EPOC can provide.An optimistic sales forecast once the EPOC reaches the mass market could be estimated with an analogy to Guitar Hero (See Exhibit 4 for an optimistic EPOC sales forecast by analogy to Guitar Hero sales). Once EPOC becomes mainstream, sales could quickly increase to more than one million units annually. Although advertising expenses, distribution costs, and royalties paid to console and video game manufacturers would increase, the company would realize a cost savings for manufacturing. After one million units, the incremental cost per unit drops from $110 to $60.ASSUMPTIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES: In the breakeven analysis, I assumed that Brookstone would receive a 20% margin on the sale of EPOC, significantly lower than the 35% margin that Best Buy demands. I am assuming that hard-core gamers will pay an elevated price for a product that provides mainly secondary features, as hard-core gamers usually play fast-paced shooting games that have less of a need for EPOC in the main features of the game. There is also a huge assumption that EPOC will be successful enough to encourage a console maker to adopt the technology.Finally, comparing EPOC to Guitar Hero would be the best case scenario for Emotiv. Casual gamers are harder to reach than hard-core gamers . They could be highly price sensitive (EPOC will be priced at $399 compared to Guitar Hero's $99 price) and expensive to attract (because they are more fragmented and ad space on primetime television would be more costly). EPOC will also have to compete with demand for newer versions of Guitar Hero, which could cut into its sales. ACTION STEPS: Emotiv should immediately contact Demiurge Studios, so it can have the tutorial game ready as soon as possible.Emotiv should showcase EPOC at the 2008 Game Developer's Conference in March 2008. At this point, it should distribute the headset and game to influential opinion leaders across the gaming industry. Hopefully this will create buzz for the release of EPOC. The release should be slighly ahead of the holiday shopping season, in early November 2008. As sales build, the company should continue to target a partnership with a console maker and game producer. By the beginning of 2010, they should have won a contract and be positioned to mas s market EPOC.At this point, their marketing strategy would change. The increased demand facilitated by the console market will give the company higher revenues and profits, giving it more financial flexibility to advertise on primetime television and distribute its products in Best Buy stores. In time, perhaps the company could use its talented research and development team to build even more advanced devices for the gaming market, or even expand the distribution of EPOC for other uses, including applications in the medical, military, market research, and business sectors. See Exhibit 5 for a complete time line for Emotiv). Exhibit 1. Print advertisement for EPOC using its positioning statement. Imagine the Unimaginable Emotiv's EPOC Exhibit 2. Breakeven analysis for years one (2008) and two (2009). Fixed Costs| | | Startup investment | | $1,000,000 | Additional financing used *** | | +$9,500,000 | Cost to produce video martial arts games| | +$2,500,000 | Expected operating expense s for 2008 | | +$11,086,000 | Expected operating expenses for 2009| | +$20,557,000 | Expected total fixed costs| | $44,643,000 | | | Contribution| | | Price | | $399 | Retailers Margins (Price * 20%)| | -$79. 80 | Emotiv's Revenues| | $319. 20 | Cost of Goods Sold| | | (Manufacturing Cost is $110 per unit for the first million units produced)| -$110 | Total contribution per unit | | $209. 20 | | | | | | | Breakeven (fixed costs/contribution)| | 213,399| | | | | | | ***| | | Additional financing raised | $17,000,000 | | Capital still on hand| $7,500,000 | | Additional financing used | $9,500,000 | | Exhibit 3. SWOT analysis for Emotiv.Strengths * Superior quality * Emotiv's EPOC was the best mind- reading device on the market * Technological leader * Its research and development team was highly experienced and innovative, giving the company the ability to continue to improve EPOC and perhaps develop another product in order to move into another gaming category or market segment| Weak nesses * EPOC could be inconsistent * The human mind works differently on different days and times, which can confuse the algorithm behind EPOC * The EPOC is not compatible with the Nintendo Wii, hurting its growth chances since Wii has a leading market share in the console market * No games are currently available for EPOC, which could slow adoption rates by decreasing the value customers receive from the product | Opportunities * Efficiently target hard-core gamers since they are a concentrated group that would likely have an high interest in EPOC and act as early adopters of the technology * Eventually target the mass market once gaming console companies realize the value of the EPOC, allowing the company to experience robust sales similar to those of Guitar Hero * Could increase penetration rate sooner if an innovative leader such as Apple accepts ts technology | Threats * Although EPOC was the most advanced mind-reading device on the market, Emotiv still faced the threat of com petition from other firms * NeuroSky and OCZ Technology were both developing mind-reading devices (although inferior to EPOC) that could be marketing for video gaming applications, which could cut into its market share * Consumers may have unjustifiably high expectations from EPOC (someone once asked if it could move objects in real space), which could lead to customer disappointment and bad reviews| Exhibit 4. Sales Forecast for 2011 once EPOC is mass marketed to all video game players. Under an optimistic scenario, sales of EPOC will mirror sales of Guitar Hero. Exhibit 5. Time line for Emotiv. OCTOBER 2007: Sign a $2. 5 million contract with Demiurge Studios to develop a PC game to be sold with EPOC that demonstrates the capabilities of mind-controlled interactivity. MARCH 2008: Appear at the 2008 Game Developer's Conference. Showcase EPOC and announce that it will be released in November 2008.APRIL 2008: Begin creating buzz for EPOC's launch by sending headsets and the accompany ing PC game to influential opinion leaders at Tech TV and PC magazine. OCTOBER 2008: Create more consumer awareness through advertisements. Target hard-core video game players by running ads on Tech TV and in PC magazine. NOVEMBER 2008: Launch EPOC in time for the start of the 2008 holiday season. Commence its distribution agreement with Brookstone. MARCH 2009: Wait for sales figure for the fourth quarter. Then resume talks with Sony, Microsoft, and Electronic Arts for a partnership to market EPOC. Show them sales statistics for EPOC, which could help demonstrate the success and popularity of the product. JANUARY 2010: Hopefully sign a contract with one of the major console makers.OCTOBER 2010: Prepare to release EPOC for a gaming console. Start advertising on primetime television to capture the mass market. NOVEMBER 2010: Release EPOC for a gaming console in time for the start of the 2010 holiday season. Expand distribution to include Best Buy. MARCH 2011: Conduct research on EPOC upgrades. NOVEMBER 2012: Introduce a new and improved EPOC 2 model. If consumers are satisfied with the first model, repeat sales volume will be high. MARCH 2013: Begin research to expand its product line beyond video games, perhaps for medical, military, market research, or business applications. NOVEMBER 2015: Launch a new product in a new sector. Similar essay: Reed Supermarkets: a New Wave of Competitors

Essay on BBC Financial Analysis - 2222 Words

University of Bedfordshire Individual Report Financial Analysis (AAF001-6) Assignment 1-B Prof. Mohammed El Daly Prepared by Moin Ul Haq Jan Msc. International business and Management November 13 2010 CONTENTS Introduction Background Analysing Financial and Profitability Ratios Current Ratio Liquidity Ratio Solvency Ratio Assets turnover Ratio Profit Margin Debtor Days Creditor Days Gearing Ratio Stock Turnover Ratio Return on Capital Employed Return on Shareholders’ Funds Conclusion and Recommendation Appendix†¦show more content†¦Analysis of the Financial and the Profitability Ratios 1. Current Ratio helps us measure the ability of a company to pay off its short term debts using its most liquid assets. 1.5 is the benchmark. If it’s less than 1 that means the company is not able to meet its current liabilities using its liquid assets. In th GBP 31/03/2010 31/03/2009 31/03/2008 31/03/2007 Current assets 278,200 326,100 348,200 217,000 Current Liabilities (386,800) (310,300) (271,100) (252,900) Current Ratio 0.90 1.05 1.03 0.86 Interpretation and Explanation In case of BBC, we can observe a positive trend. There has been a significant increase in the ratio. However in 2007, the company’s current liabilities were higher than the current assets.But over the next two consecutive years 2008 and 2009, the company’s assets were enough to pay off the short term debts, and this is a positive sign. Talking about the current year 2010, the current ratio is below the benchmark, but the cash reserves are more. we can see a constant change in the values of current assets in a positive trend for last three years, however, not for the year 2010. Again there has been increase in current liabilities substantially. 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